only the outlines (outlines) of horizontal projections of local objects (roads, buildings, arable lands, meadows, forests, etc.). On contour plans and maps, conventional signs depict a situation, i.e. The difference between them is that when mapping a design, the design is made with surface distortions due to the influence of the curvature of the Earth an image is obtained on the plan with little or no distortion.ĭepending on the destination plans and maps can be contour and topographic. Thus, both the plan and the map are thumbnail images of the earth's surface on a plane. Map - a reduced and distorted image of a cartographic projection of a significant part or all of the earth's surface, built according to certain mathematical laws that take into account the influence of the curvature of the Earth. Plan - a drawing in which a horizontal projection of a small portion of a terrain is depicted in a reduced and similar form. Designing a section of the earth's surface on a horizontal plane According to the results of geodetic surveys make a plan or a map.įig. The combination of linear and angular measurements on the earth's surface is called a geodetic survey. 26), measure the distance between its vertices and the horizontal projections of its angles. To project on a horizontal plane of a polygon (Fig. To project a terrain line on a horizontal plane, you need to determine its horizontal distance (the projection of the line on a horizontal plane) and reduce it to a certain scale.
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